timeline malaysia

obmar · Site Admin Joined: 14 Apr 2006 Posts: 5697

Malacca Port
250 BC - 250 AD

During the period between 250 BC and 250 AD, a maritime sea route existed between Alexandra in Northern Africa and China. As trade took place along this route, a number of kingdoms rose to power, flush with finances from trade. These kingdoms all came into being around the same time, and all waned around the same time. The map below illustrates the route. Arab and Indian Dhows sailed down the Red Sea to Palk Bay in Sri Lanka. Indian Dhows traveled from India as far as Malacca where they met Chinese junks. Some Chinese Junks traveled as far as Sri Lanka where they met Arabs. Individual sections of this ancient maritime trade route are dealt with in detail through the menus below. To visit the various kingdoms, click on their location on the map.

obmar · Site Admin Joined: 14 Apr 2006 Posts: 5697

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obmar · Site Admin Joined: 14 Apr 2006 Posts: 5697

http://www.danbyrnes.com.au/lostworlds/timeline/lwstory17.htm

From 40,000BC to 20,000BC

20,000BC: Some scientists believe that ancient people from Siberia crossed the Bering land bridge about this time and began their southward migration into the Americas.

20,000 years ago: New Guinea: An Australia Museum researcher is Dr. Robin Torrence, who works on the 20,000 year-old obsidian trade of New Britain in Papua New Guinea; perhaps the world's oldest-known maritime trade. (Reported by 2 February 2002)

20,000BC: Date for earliest known cooking oven, found in the Ukraine. (Ash-pit style cooking). (By 2500BC: Sumerians were first to develop cooking ranges on which pots and pans could be placed for a variety of cooking purposes from 2500BC.) (James/Thorpe).

0,000BC: Earliest date for garments sewn from animal skins using eyed needles, the needles made from bone. Between 7000BC-6000BC, at Catal Huyuk, men wear animals skins, evidently pink leopard skin, plus hats of the same material.

20,000BC: Date for a bracelet of Mezin, South Russia, carved from a single piece of mammoth ivory. (James/Thorpe).

20,000BC: Earliest mining, flint mines of Australia, at Koonalda.

By 4000BC, when surface-available flint was used up, sub-surface flint-mining began, in Western Europe. But copper mining began at Rudna Glav, in Serbia, by 4500BC. Miners used antler picks. (James/Thorpe). Balkans area became a major source of copper.

About 20,000BC: Paleolithic Man uses the needle for sewing.

20,000BC: Earlier than 20,000BC, Man in Siberia, then to America. In Tasmania, Australia, are the Tasmanian Negritos.

By 20,000BC: Australia is certainly settled, with Tasmania and New Guinea joined by land bridges. Occupation coinciding with later part of past glaciation, lower sea level, cooler climate and less evaporation, less arid country.

20,000BC: Old Melanesia as a continent embraces Australia plus Tasmania and New Guinea, (Salhulland), and Indonesia as a non-archipelago, Sundaland. Most sites re human life about this time in Australia are in southern NSW and in the south west generally.

21,000-18,000BC: Last Glacial Maximum on Earth.

22,000BC: Appearance of "Venus figurines" across Europe, from the Central Russian plain to the Pyrenees - rather like a clay statue from Dolni Vestonice.

23,000 years ago: Evidence arises of human occupation at Cave Bay Cave on present-day Hunter Island off the north-west coast of Tasmania, at a time when Tasmania has just been joined as part of a continuous land bridge connecting it to Wilson's Promontory of today's Victorian coastline.

23,000BC-16,000BC: Northern and Central Europe are frigid and uninhabitable. A glacial maximum forces people into two directions, one to southern France, one to the Central Russian Plain. Life was impossible between the Scandinavian glacier and the Alpine glacier. The ice reached its maximum about 16,000BC. Southwestern France carried mammoth, wooly rhinoceros, horse, bison, aurochs, deer and antelope, as did the river valleys of the Russian Plain. It seems significant that cave art appeared in this part of France, but not in Russia, since there were no caves. The people of Russia do seem to have had different designs for huts made of mammoth tusks, however. (Shreeve, Neandertal)

24,000-30,000 years ago: Archaeology at the Lake Mungo site, Australia, finds evidence of use of stone tools, hearths containing animal bones and shell middens of freshwater mussels. Especially, the skeleton-fragments of a young woman who had been cremated, her bones than smashed and buried in a shallow pit. Evidence for human occupation also arises for about 37,000 years ago in the Willandra and Lower Darling River areas. The same for river terrace areas near today's Perth, Western Australia.

25,000BC, First religious relics and altars in Spain.

25,640BC: In 1986, in Czechoslovakian province of Moravia, near a village named Dolni Vestonice, are found three ancient human teenagers in a common grave. Two seem to be male, and one female. Archaeologists due to the demeanour of the bodies dream up various scenarios about the manner of death. The artefacts anyway belong to a period known as the Gravettian/Upper Paleolithic period, which has its own "industrial style". The areas nearby provide many carved and moulded images of animals and men, strange engravings, personal ornaments and decorated graves, things impossible only a few thousand years before. What has happened in the interim? Representational art seems to arise from nowhere. At a German site, Vogelherd, arises an ivory horse carved about 30,00BC. It seems to be "the first representational horse". Oddly, the Middle East is where such forms of art appears. A grave site near Moscow, named Sunghir, about the same age as Dolni Vsetonice, reveals the bodies of three people with dozens of bracelets, necklaces, painted pendants, and ten thousand ivory beads; each of which took about an hour to make. Similar bead work although of a different style, has been found in France dated about 31,000BC. (Shreeve, Neandertal)

26,000 years ago: Evidence of human occupation arises at Tabon Cave on Palawan in the Philippines.

27,000BP: First appearances of weaving/fabrics.

27,000BC, earliest evidence of shamanistic art, may be first appearance of “spiritual” views?

27,000BC, Gravettian people roam between Southern Russia, and Spain. 22,000 from 29,000, on semi-frozen landscape. Maybe the first weaving about now.

Circa 28,000BC-26,000BC: Possible dwindling of populations of Neandertals to nothing. Leaving just one species of humanity to the rest of the world – ourselves, homo sapiens. (Shreeve, Neandertal)

28,000 years ago: Evidence of human occupation arises at a cave site called Kilu north of the now-island of Bougainville, as part of the North Solomons Islands chain. If so, people had travelled across water about 180km to arrive there, from New Ireland. By about now, or earlier, it is thought that the ancestors of modern Australian Aboriginals were also the ancestors of Papua-New Guineans, of the Melanesian people of West Irian Jaya and of the Solomon Islanders.

28,000BC: First human migration into America may have begun by now, due to examination of sites in New Mexico, Chile and Brazil. Some populations (re work with mitochondrial DNA) may even be traced as far as 42,000 or 21,000 years ago. If so, the next wave of migration into the Americas came with Clovis people dating around 9500BC. (Shreeve, Neandertal)

29,000BC: The Chatelperronian surprise: It had been thought that in northern Burgundy, in limestone caves about 100 miles northeast of Paris, by a river named Cure, near the hamlet of Arcy, lived modern humans. The caves are named after discovery in them of the remains of animals now extinct in the area, reindeer, Hyena, Bison, Lion and Bear. The Cave of the Reindeer seemed to be full of artefacts of the Chatelperronian "industrial style", an odd mixture of the flake-based Mousterian tradition and some of the blade-based Aurignacian. These seemed to be the work of early Cro-Magnon Man. But in 1979, in another French cave called Saint-Cesaire, a Neandertal skeleton turned up surrounded by Chatelperronian artefacts. So the Chatelperronian style may not have marked the beginning of a new era, but the end of an old one - the Neandertals. Which would mean that the Neandertals lasted around 10,000 years after the arrival of the first "Aurignacians", who originated in eastern Europe. Chatelperronian and Aurignacian artefacts coincide in French and Spanish caves from from 33,000BC. It appears, the Neandertals and moderns co-existed in France-Spain, as they did in the Levant region. Did the Neandertals last till about 26,000BC? (Shreeve, Neandertal)

30,000, to 20,000BC, more ancestors of Europeans appear in Europe, before the peak of the last major glaciation,

30,000BC, Vela supernova probably visible, would have outshone the moon, from about 1300 light years aqway, did it affect people? As 30,000BC, oldest star map depicts Orion the Hunter, in Ach Valley, Germany. Oldest coal mine at Landek, Czeckoslavakia. Oldest known necklace at Mandu Mandu, Australia.

30,000 years ago: How evolution spurted: Examiners of fossils can now report that about 30,000 years ago, people started living longer. (No explanation why). This fuelled a population explosion. Women could continue reproducing even as their elder daughters reached child-bearing age. As more experienced women lived longer, their contributions to their extended family grew more and more valuable. [The Grandma syndrome] (Reported in world press, 10 July 2004 and derived from recent reports on Proceedings of National Academy of Sciences [US])

30,000BP: Use of so-called fertility figurines.

31,000 years ago: Evidence of human occupation arises at Leang Burung 2 cave on Sulawesi (Celebes) re use of stone tools.

32,000 years ago: Evidence arises of human occupation in south-western Australia at a cave known as Devil's Lair. Stone and bone artefacts, superimposed hearths, smashed or charred bones of hunted kangaroos and wallabies.

Australia is settled, for certain, by 40,000BC-25,000BC. The evidence is, Australia has never had but Homo Sapiens populating it. Australians tended to use wooden, not stone tools.

33,000BC-28,000BC: Signs appear in Europe a new, "explosively" energetic human culture, termed The Upper Paleolithic. Tools are more varied and sophisticated, made of stone, antler or bone. Cave paintings indicate an awareness of symbolism, as do carved figurines of animals. Beads are worn as ornament. The first signs are evident also of modern-looking anatomy; a high vertical forehead, lack of pronounced browbridges, a well-defined chin, a domed braincase, and a more lightly-built frame, certainly more lightly-built than Neandertal anatomy. Such human specimens might be termed, Cro-Magnon Man. Just why this apparent evolutionary spurt occurred about now is still not well understood. (See Shreeve, Neandertal)

36,000BC: In 1972, archaeologists Peter Beaumont and John Vogel announce new findings from radiocarbon dating of artefacts from five South African sites, and turn ideas on their head. They suggest that rather than the Middle Stone Age in Africa beginning around 36,00BC, this is when it ends! Two sites in South Africa so-considered are Border Cave and Klasies River Mouth. (Shreeve, Neandertal)

37,000-40,000 years ago: Date for earliest levels for human occupation in the whole of mainland southeast Asia as at an excavated limestone cave of Lang Rongrien in peninsular Thailand. Stone tools in use were of the Hoabinian type (small retouched flakes and scrapers). Evidence arises also for human occupation of Australia and New Guinea for the very same period.

40,000BC, Ancient footprints found in Mexico,

40,000, 30,000BC, another explosion of sophisticated art activity if an earlier date fails to satisfy. Boats appear about north Australia, humans sail from Eurasia to Australia/New Guinea then a single landmass, otherwise, as seems hard to believe, boats don't appear till 11,000BC in the Mediterranean.

40,000 years ago: In the Sundaland area of the Malay Archipelago there have been found artefacts and evidence of human occupation at Niah Cave of Borneo.

41,000BC: The Aurignacian Industrial period in the Balkans (Upper Paleolithic), where people make "beaked" burins, carved-bone points for projectiles with shafts, large and "unbeautiful" blades. By 38,000BC, this industrial style has reached Spain. In a few thousand years, it has covered Europe, with regional adaptations evident. It's as though "culture" has become an epidemic. Is it related also to greater sophistication of language? Also about 41,000BC, is the earliest-known Aurignacian area, once excavated by Polish archaeologist Janusz Kozlowski. It became famous for its Upper Paleolithic Culture (including fine flint tools), which had supplanted the earlier Mousterian culture in the same area. There has also been trade in different kinds of stone - evidence of some kind of far-flung or distance-crossing cultural contacts between different groups. A big theme is noticeable by now - personal identity. (Shreeve, Neandertal)

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Now return to the Lost Worlds Index
For more, see a timeline website at: http://mirrorh.com/timeline.html/

Stop Press: For late entries

Many notes above are from: Robert Ardrey, The Hunting Hypothesis: A Personal Conclusion Concerning the Evolutionary Nature of Man. Fontana/Collins, 1976.

Compiler's note: Few of the titles cited here can begin to explain the settlement of Australia's Aboriginal people, which began 40,000-60,000 years ago, if not earlier. Here, Australian history in the present context remains a conundrum for world science.

obmar · Site Admin Joined: 14 Apr 2006 Posts: 5697

he state of Perak has been in existence since the pre historic days. Kota Tampan in Lenggong is the one and only proof that the Palaeolithic Age existed in Malaya. Perak had gone through several evolutions between 400 000 BC and 8000 BC. Hoabinhian Era and the Neolithic Age as well as the Metal Age were experienced by Perak. This was proved with the findings of relevant historical facts. Just like the rest of Malaysia, Perak also experienced the Hindu/Buddhist era soon after.

The history of the state of Perak advanced a step further soon after this period. Territories such as Manjung in the Dinding District came into existence. Beruas was formed soon after Manjung ceased to exist. This process was applicable to a few other territories in the in the Perak Tengah and Hulu Perak. Islam also began to make its presence felt firmly in the state during this time.

The history of Perak can actually be traced when Sultan Muzaffar Shah I, who was a descendent of Sultan Mahmud Shah of Malacca in 1538. However, the Perak Sultanate formed territorial powers were still intact during this time. The administrative method was an extension of the democratic feudal system of Malacca.

The discovery of Tin in Larut, Taiping led to the prominence of Perak. The economy of Perak also boomed with this discovery. More mining areas came in to existence soon after and in addition to tin ore; natural rubber also played an important role and is still being since the rule of the Sultans. This development was significant and resulted in the birth of a multiracial society and the Chinese being interested in tin mining.

The British were interested in Perak for long and invaded Perak through Pangkor Treaty in 1874 after a riot in Larut. The residential system was soon introduced as a result with James W.W Birch as its first Resident. The residential system was supposed to yield positive results. But the residential system deviated from its original cause which led to an uprising under the leadership of Datuk Maharaja Lela. This led to the assassination of James W.W. Birch in 1875. The residential system continued until the arrival of the Japanese in 1941. Perak like most states suffered under Japanese occupation till 1945. Even after the Japanese surrendered, the British still colonized Malaya until the year 1948. Violence was rampant then in Perak, due to Communist terrorism.

Malay states were not stable after Japanese occupation. The British tried their best to maintain their position by introducing new administrative reforms such as the Malayan Union in 1946 despite the people's nationalistic spirit to seek independence. The people of Malay left no stone unturned in their fight for independence against the British. The British finally granted independence in 1957.

Independence of Malaya meant freedom for all its Federal states including Perak. And ever since then, there has been no looking back for Perak. The state has grown by leaps and bounds since then. Rapid development has taken place ever since and the state has grown to become one of the leading tourism destinations in Malaysia. For more information on Perak, Malaysia visit Travour

obmar · Site Admin Joined: 14 Apr 2006 Posts: 5697

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